After the trauma of mass violence and population movements during the 1947 partition of India and Pakistan, both nations faced the challenge of creating new national identities and political frameworks. India embraced its anti-colonial movement and civilizational legacy, while Pakistan's leaders had to carve out a distinct Muslim history from a millennium of cultural and religious coexistence.

In this nuanced history, Ali Qasmi explores the development of citizenship and national belonging in Pakistan's formative period. Drawing on diverse sources, Qasmi details the conflict-ridden process of writing Pakistan's democratic constitution and inventing new state rituals, such as the flag's color, the national poet's birth date, and Eid as a national festival. This work provides a rich analysis of the practices of being Pakistani and a fresh perspective on Muslim history in the subcontinent.

Paper Back

Author: Ali Usman Qasmi

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